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St. Xavier's College in Mumbai, India, is one of the most prestigious liberal arts colleges in India and has been awarded the highest rating, A+ (5-Star), in the re-accreditation by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) in 2006.〔 The college is named after Francis Xavier, the 16th-century Spanish Jesuit saint. Its campus in South Mumbai is built in the Indo-Gothic style of architecture, and recognized as a heritage structure.〔 The college was founded by German Jesuits in 1869. It began to develop rapidly from 1884 to 1910. The imprisonment of German Jesuit priests during the First World War (1914–1918) led to a dislocation of the administration, which was mitigated by the appointment other European Jesuits. Though it began as an Arts College, by the 1920s science departments were established. The college was greatly expanded in the 1930s. The college is run by Indian Jesuits, with special consideration to Roman Catholic students.〔 It offers undergraduate and post-graduate courses in Arts, Science, and Commerce or Public Policy. It has spawned several research institutions within its campus including the Blatter Herbarium, and is known for its inter-collegiate youth festival Malhar. In the June 2006 issue of the country's national ''India Today'' magazine, it was rated as the best college in India for Arts. ==History== St. Xavier's College was founded on 2 January 1869 in Bombay by German Jesuits with just two students. These two students came from a group of six, who appeared for the University matriculation examination in 1868 from St. Mary's Institution. German Jesuit (or Willy), the first principal of the College from 1869–73, and three other Jesuits began lecturing and teaching at the college on 7 January 1869. The college was granted formal recognition of Bombay University on 30 January 1869. One student joined later in 1870. The first three students graduated in 1871.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=General Information (NAAC Re-accreditation Self-study Report) )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=First Beginnings )〕 From 1884 to 1910, under the patronage of Principal Frederick Dreckmann, the college began to develop rapidly.〔 The Blatter Herbarium was established in 1906 by the Swiss Jesuit priest Ethelbert Blatter and his associates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Blatter Herbarium )〕 The hostel was completed in 1909, while the East-West science wing, costing Rs. 200,000, was completed in 1912. The Government provided grants of Rs. 70,000 and Rs. 37,000 for the two additional buildings of the college. The college first admitted women in 1912.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Further Developments )〕 Being a German institute in British India, the college suffered wide repercussions during the First World War (1914–1918). Following the outbreak of the war, the German Jesuit priests, mainly the older ones, were interned and detained in 1914 at the college villa in Khandala, where many died. However, the younger German Jesuits were repatriated in 1916. The departure of German Jesuits led to a dislocation in the administration of the college, but was mitigated by a few Swiss, Luxemburger and English Jesuits. The number of lay professors increased following the withdrawal of the German Jesuits.〔 In 1920, enrollment of students from outside Bombay, especially Calcutta, Yangon, Mangalore, and Sindh, started climbing. Subsequently, a third floor was added to the hostel to provide accommodation facilities to them. The college started offering six more languages: Marathi, Gujarati, Urdu, Arabic, Hebrew, and Portuguese.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Golden Jubilee )〕 The Spanish Jesuits arrived in 1922.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A Period of Transition )〕 By the 1920s, the colleges had expanded its offerings to more than just liberal arts. Science departments such as Chemistry and Biology came to be established. The Spanish Jesuit Henry Heras founded the "Indian Historical Research Institute" in 1925. The extension of the East-West science wing was completed in 1925, and opened by Leslie Orme Wilson, Governor of Bombay (1923–1926), on 26 January 1926, at an outlay of Rs. 200,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=A New Era )〕 The following decade, the priest Gonzalo Palacios propelled massive architectural expansions, with the addition of a third floor to the East-West science wing, and the demolition of the Chemistry shed in April 1935. The General Library was shifted to the new central building providing space for over 100,000 books and 6,000 volumes of periodicals. The college took charge of the Abdulla Fazalbhoy Technical Institute for Radio and Cinema (now known as the St. Xavier's Technical Institute) near Mahim Causeway. More rooms were added to the hostel together with a tower. The construction of the college chapel, which had begun in 1937, was completed under the reign of Principal Aloysius Coyne (1940–1949).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Architectural Expansions )〕 The college hall was inaugurated in January 1937 by Lord Brabourne, Governor of Bombay (1933–1937).〔 In August 1939, non-degree course for the Teacher's Diploma was started, while Microbiology was revolutionized.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The War and Independence )〕 After India's independence in 1947, Hindi began to be taught in the College from June 1949, and several new departments were instituted, such as the Department of Sociology and Anthropology (1951) and the Department of Psychology (1957).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Progress Continues )〕 Towards the later 20th century, St. Xavier's has continued to expand in student body and faculty size, and has seen the establishment of several research centers and programs. In the recent years, the college has been run by Indian Jesuits of the Bombay Province, in close collaboration with the Society of Jesus in Germany and Spain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Golden Links )〕 On 18 July 2009, United States Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton visited the college. She conducted an interactive session with its students regarding academics and education. In November 2010 US President Barack Obama visited the college and held a town hall meeting. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St. Xavier's College, Mumbai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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